There are two ways to save your program. You can use DIRECT mode and the SAVE instruction (the programmer's way), or you could use a shortcut.
I'll just tell you the shortcut.
1. Go to the program slot you want to save.
2. Hold L or R.
3. While holding, press SAVE on the touch screen.
4. Give your program a name and press OK on all the dialogs you see.
Your program is now saved!
Loading it back is just as simple. Follow steps 1 and 2, but press LOAD this time. Then select the program you want to load. Your program is now loaded and ready to be edited!
It depends on the type of game. It could take anywhere from a couple of minutes to entire months. That goes for every game, regardless of size.
For a beginner, it can take a while to make even a simple text game, but you should start with the basics and work with what you've learned. You can also ask for help if need be. :)